Table 2.
Probiotics and their bioactivity against cariogenic microorganisms, examined using the biofilm model.
| Probiotics | Target Bacteria | Type of Biofilm Model | Bioactive Compound/Action Mechanism | References (Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. rhamnosus SD11 |
S. mutans
lactobacilli |
Human oral cavity | Integrate into the bacterial communities of the dental biofilm | [97] 2019 |
| L. salivarius |
S. mutans
C. albicans |
Double species, static | Strong competitor of oral pathogens | [107] 2017 |
| Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 | S. mutans | plaque-disclosing solution | Bacterins | [108] 2013 |
|
L. casei ATCC 393, L. reuteri ATCC 23272, L. plantarum ATCC 14917, L. salivarius ATCC 11741 |
S. mutans
ATCC 25175 |
Single specie biofilm, dual-S. mutans–Lactobacillus spp. biofilm, static |
Organic acid, peroxide | [96] 2018 |
|
L. casei Shirota, L. casei LC01, L. plantarum ST-III L. paracasei LPC37 |
S. mutans Streptococcus spp., S. sanguinis |
Multi-species biofilm, static |
Alteration of the oral microbiota | [109] 2017 |
| L. casei 01 |
S. mutans, S. parasanguinis, S. salivarius |
Multi-species biofilm, static | Adhere to dental surfaces and integrate into the bacterial communities of the dental biofilm | [110] 2019 |
|
Lactobacillus
plantarum FB-T9 |
S. mutans | Rat oral cavity | FB-T9 is a strong competitor of S. mutans for temporal and spatial niches | [54] 2020 |