Table 3.

Indications, types of surgery and complications [Ref. n°].

INDICATIONS
Nutritional [52,60,62] Failure to progress EN
Digestive [45,49,60,61] At least 10 cm of small bowel+>50% of the colon, dysmotility, vomiting, bacterial overgrowth, obstructive symptoms, increased secretions, IFALD
Extra-digestive [49] Fluid and electrolyte problems, D-lactic acidosis, vascular access problems
Biochemistry/Imaging based [45] Small bowel > 35 cm + increased bilirubin level + normal INR; small bowel ≥50 cm of bowel+portal hypertension+ hypersplenism ± thrombocytopenia + normal INR
Imaging based [48,52,58,61] Gut dilatation, as shown by upper gastrointestinal contrast study with diameter >3.5 cm or >2 vertebral bodies
TYPE OF SURGERY
STEP [44,45,46,47,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62], LILT [44,47,57], SILT [48], reverse segment [47], colonic interposition [47], tapering enteroplasty [47,51,56]
COMPLICATIONS (in 64/320 Patients)
Staple leak [44,61], stricture/obstruction [44,47,52,53,55,58,59,60], bleeding, abdominal adhesions [44,47,54,60], entero-cutaneous fistula [47,52], bowel wall hematoma [52], infections [44,47,48,53,59], intra-abdominal abscess [55], ulcers [54,61], D-lactic acidosis and abdominal distension [48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59]

EN: Enteral Nutrition; IFALD: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease; INR: normal international normalized ratio; STEP: serial transverse enteroplasty; LILT: longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring; SILT: spiral intestinal lengthening and tailoring.