Table 2.
Glycaemic parameters and insulin sensitivity indices by intervention group and within participants taking metformin.
| All Participants | Participants on Metformin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Time-Point | Probiotic (n = 30) |
Placebo (n = 30) |
Probiotic (n = 14) |
Placebo (n = 14) |
| FPG (mmol/L) | Baseline | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 4.5 | 6.9 ± 2.3 |
| Week 12 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 7.8 ± 4.3 a,* | 6.7 ± 1.8 | |
| HbA1c (%) | Baseline | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 1.4 |
| Week 12 | 5.9 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 1.7 a,* | 6.5 ± 1.1 | |
| HOMA-IR | Baseline | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 4.7 | 3.5 ± 2.2 |
| Week 12 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 3.3 | 3.5 ± 3.5 a,* | 3.2 ± 2.5 | |
| FPI (mU/L) | Baseline | 12.8 ± 6.5 | 13.4 ± 6.9 | 12.1 ± 5.8 | 11.9 ± 5.8 |
| Week 12 | 10.4 ± 5.4 | 12.4 ± 11.2 | 8.6 ± 4.1 a,* | 11.0 ± 6.9 | |
| ISI-M | Baseline | 3.9(2.6) | 2.5(1.9) | 3.2(4.8) | 3.9(1.5) |
| Week 12 | 3.6(6.0) | 3.8(3.0) | 6.1(8.0) b,* | 4.3(6.0) | |
Data are means ± SD or median (IQR). p values are obtained from a repeated measures ANOVA a or a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test b for within-group comparisons. * p < 0.05. FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose; FPI: Fasting Plasma Insulin; ISI-M: Insulin sensitivity index-Matsuda; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance