Table 4.
Meal characteristics.
| Healthy Controls | Early PD | Advanced PD | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females (n = 14) |
Males (n = 9) |
Total (n = 23) |
Females (n = 7) |
Males (n = 13) |
Total (n = 20) |
Females (n = 8) |
Males (n = 13) |
Total (n = 21) |
||
| Meal component intake | ||||||||||
| Potato salad intake (g) | 214 (97) | 320 (71) | 255 (101) | 209 (63) | 339 (80) | 291 (97) | 161 (81) | 269 (67) | 232 (88) *,† | |
| Sausage intake (g) | 114 (25) | 171 (42) | 136 (42) | 123 (26) | 166 (40) | 150 (41) | 88 (21) | 138 (38) | 120 (41) *,† | |
| Apple mash intake (g) | 166 (54) | 142 (74) | 157 (63) | 187 (21) | 180 (35) | 183 (30) | 151 (46) | 153 (46) | 152 (45) | |
| Water intake (g) | 160 (113) | 172 (69) | 165 (97) | 147 (63) | 131 (49) | 137 (54) | 73 (48) | 95 (85) | 87 (73) † | |
| Eating behaviors | ||||||||||
| Energy eating rate (kcal/min) | 77 (21) | 94 (17) | 83 (21) | 80 (12) | 83 (26) | 82 (22) | 76 (23) | 82 (20) | 80 (21) | |
| Eating rate (g/min) | 49 (13) | 55 (10) | 51 (12) | 51 (7) | 51 (15) | 51 (13) | 49 (14) | 50 (13) | 50 (13) | |
| Meal duration (min) | 10.3 (2.1) | 11.5 (2.3) | 10.8 (2.2) | 10.2 (0.6) | 13.8 (4.7) | 12.5 (4.1) | 9.3 (3.2) | 12.1 (4.7) | 11.0 (4.4) | |
| Number of spoonfuls | 51 (12) | 59 (13) | 54 (13) | 49 (7) | 61 (17) | 57 (15) | 41 (8) | 56 (17) | 50 (16) * | |
| Number of chews | 543 (215) | 686 (202) | 599 (218) | 475 (75) | 903 (458) | 753 (422) | 448 (132) | 828 (475) | 683 (421) | |
| Chews/g of food eaten | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.1 (.4) | 1.2 (.6) | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.7) | |
Parkinson’s disease (PD). Minute (min). * = significant difference vs. early PD patients when controlling for sex. † = significant difference vs. healthy controls when controlling for sex.