Table 2.
Effect of diet alone on lipid profile overall and in specific groups of patients.
| TC | HDL-C | LDL-C | TG | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Median, IQR) |
Follow-Up (Median, IQR) | Variation † (Median, IQR, %, p-Value) |
Baseline (Median, IQR) |
Follow-Up (Median, IQR) | Variation † (Median, IQR, %, p-Value) |
Baseline (Median, IQR) |
Follow-Up (Median, IQR) | Variation † (Median, IQR, %, p-Value) |
Baseline (Median, IQR) |
Follow-Up (Median, IQR) | Variation † (Median, IQR, %, p-Value) |
|
| All patients (n:207) | 259 (241, 285) |
237 (205, 260) |
−19 (−46, −6) −7,7%, p < 0.001 |
54 (42, 66) |
53 (42, 66) |
0 (−6, 5) 0.0%, NS |
176 (154, 194) |
155 (125, 177) |
−18 (−40, −1) −10.1%, p < 0.001 |
142 (96, 232) |
120 (82, 173) |
−20 (−68, 7) −16,7%, p < 0.001 |
| Sex * | ||||||||||||
| F (n: 117, 56.5%) | 264 (250, 287) |
241 (216, 261) |
−22 (−54, −10) −8.4%, p < 0.001 |
61 (50, 73) |
62 (48, 73) |
1 (−6, 5) 0.7%, NS |
178 (159, 192) |
157 (128, 176) |
−20 (−45, −7) −11.4%, p < 0.001 |
110 (87, 168) |
100 (76, 163) |
−13 (−44, 9) −12.2%, p < 0.001 |
| M (n: 90, 43.5%) | 250 (222, 275) |
224 (203, 256) |
−15 (−39, 2) −6.6%, p < 0.001 |
47 (37, 56) |
45 (39, 54) |
0 (−6, 5) 0.0%, NS |
169 (137, 196) |
153 (122, 178) |
−8 (−30, 8) −5.6%, p = 0.001 |
197 (130, 315) |
136 (105, 189) |
−45 (−150, −2) −27.2%, p < 0.001 |
| Age * | ||||||||||||
| <45 years (n: 78, 129%) | 256 (222, 284) |
228 (200, 256) |
−20 (−45, −4) −7.7%, p < 0.001 |
53 (41, 63) |
52 (41, 63) |
0 (−7, 5) 0.0%, NS |
170 (152, 192) |
151 (117, 174) |
−17 (−41, 3) −9.9%, p < 0.001 |
154 (101, 229) |
124 (80, 172) |
−20 (−73, 8) −14.9%, p < 0.001 |
| ≥45 years (n: 129, 62.3%) | 261 (246, 287) |
240 (212, 261) |
−19 (−49, −8) −7.7%, p < 0.001 |
54 (43, 67) |
55 (45, 70) |
1 (−6, 5) 1.6%, NS |
177 (158, 196) |
158 (130, 178) |
−18 (−40, −4) −10.1%, p < 0.001 |
136 (96, 235) |
120 (82, 174) |
−21 (−67, 2) −18.2%, p < 0.001 |
| BMI | ||||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 (n: 110, 53.1%) | 257 (242, 281) |
236 (205, 256) |
−20 (−49, −6) −7.5%, p < 0.001 |
59 (49, 70) |
59 (47, 68) |
0 (−7, 5) 0.0%, NS |
174 (155, 190) |
152 (122, 175) |
−19 (−40, −3) −11.1%, p < 0.001 |
117 (82, 180) |
101 (77, 154) |
−11 (−47, 11) −11.1%, p < 0.001 |
| ≥25 kg/m2 (n: 97, 46.9%) | 261 (238, 288) |
239 (206, 263) |
−17 (−45, −6) −8.1%, p < 0.001 |
48 (40, 60) |
47 (40, 63) |
1 (−5, 6) 2.2%, NS |
179 (154, 198) |
158 (130, 179) |
−16 (−40, 1) −9.1%, p < 0.001 |
196 (120, 315) |
137 (99, 209) |
−40 (−121, −7) −23.5%, p < 0.001 |
| Smoking habits * | ||||||||||||
| Never/Past (n: 155, 74.9%) | 262 (241, 287) |
240 (205, 261) |
−19 (−44, −6) −7.5%, p < 0.001 |
54 (44, 66) |
54 (42, 67) |
0 (−6, 5) 0.0%, NS |
177 (155, 197) |
156 (127, 179) |
−17 (−38, −1) −9.9%, p < 0.001 |
138 (94, 228) |
119 (81, 168) |
−18 (−63, 8) −14.5%, p < 0.001 |
| Current (n: 52, 25.1%) | 257 (237, 277) |
227 (206, 251) |
−19 (−52, −7) −8.2%, p < 0.001 |
53 (40, 65) |
52 (44, 64) |
2 (−6, 10) 4.7%, NS |
171 (152, 187) |
153 (121, 172) |
−18 (−45, 1) −11.0%, p < 0.001 |
161 (102, 320) |
123 (88, 185) |
−37 (−147, −2) −26.3%, p < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption * | ||||||||||||
| Absent/moderate (135, 64.3%) | 262 (237, 288) |
234 (205, 260) |
−22 (−53, −6) −8.4%, p < 0.001 |
53 (41, 66) |
54 (42, 67) |
1 (−4, 6) 2.6%, NS |
179 (155, 194) |
154 (121, 176) |
−20 (−45, −2) −11.4%, p < 0.001 |
143 (96, 235) |
115 (81, 168) |
−20 (−68, 8) −16.2%, p < 0.001 |
| Elevate (72, 35.7%) | 257 (242, 278) |
237 (208, 262) |
−16 (−40, −4) −6.0%, p < 0.001 |
54 (46, 65) |
52 (43, 64) |
−1 (−7, 4) −2.1%, NS |
170 (152, 194) |
157 (133, 178) |
−16 (−29, 8) −8.4%, p = 0.01 |
134 (96, 229) |
132 (82, 177) |
−19 (−67, 6) −18.2%, p < 0.001 |
Plasma lipid concentrations are reported in mg/dL or percentage of variation. Abbreviations: M = male, F = female, BMI = body mass index, IQR, interquartile range, * Independent pairwise comparisons among subgroup terms with Mann-Whitney U test adjusted for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). † p-values for dependent samples nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test between baseline and follow-up values. The difference is significant at the 0.001 level between subgroup terms (i.e., male vs female and normal weight vs overweight).