Table 1.
Baseline anthropometrics, body composition, functional performance, and strength characteristics of younger and older participants (mean ± SD).
| Younger (n = 7) | Older (n = 7) | Total (n = 14) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| Age (years) | 28 ± 4 | 71 ± 3 | 50 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 175.3 ± 9.8 | 168.9 ± 11.8 | 172.1 ± 10.9 | 0.29 |
| Body mass (kg) | 83.2 ± 13.1 | 81.8 ± 17.3 | 82.5 ± 14.8 | 0.86 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 3.3 | 28.5 ± 4.0 | 27.8 ± 3.6 | 0.46 |
| Body Composition | ||||
| Fat mass (kg) | 22.1 ± 7.2 | 28.2 ± 8.2 | 25.2 ± 8.1 | 0.16 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 57.7 ± 10.7 | 49.6 ± 9.9 | 53.6 ± 10.7 | 0.17 |
| %TFM | 27.7 ± 7.8 | 35.8 ± 7.3 | 31.7 ± 8.4 | 0.07 |
| ALM (kg) | 27.5 ± 5.8 | 22.5 ± 5.8 | 25.0 ± 6.1 | 0.13 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 0.12 |
| Functional Performance | ||||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.35 |
| Dominant HGS (kg) | 40.0 ± 11.8 | 30.2 ± 11.0 | 35.1 ± 12.1 | 0.13 |
| Upper body MQ (kg/kg) | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 0.40 |
| Dominant leg 1RM (kg) | 65.3 ± 21.5 | 30.2 ± 10.0 | 47.7 ± 24.3 | 0.004 |
| Lower body MQ (kg/kg) | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR * | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 0.64 |
Abbreviations: %TFM, percentage tissue fat mass; 1RM, one-repetition maximum; ALM, appendicular lean mass; BMI, body mass index; HGS, handgrip strength; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; MQ, muscle quality; SMI, skeletal muscle index. * n = 5 per age group. P values relate to between-group comparisons.