Table 4.
Biological measurements of study participants in the weight loss intervention.
| Variable | Baseline | 4 Months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group n = 50 |
Pistachio Group n = 50 |
Control Group n = 44 |
Pistachio Group n = 47 |
|
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 206 (5) 1 | 204 (6) | 194 (5) | 194 (6) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123 (8) | 135 (12) | 108 (6) | 123 (8) |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 60 (2) | 58 (2) | 60 (2) | 58 (2) |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 121 (4) | 119 (5) | 112 (4) | 111 (5) |
| Insulin (umol/mL) | 14 (1) | 14 (1) | 13 (1) | 13 (1) |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 98 (1) | 99 (1) | 99 (1) | 99 (1) |
| Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance | 3.4 (0.2) | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.2) |
| Alpha-Carotene (umol/L) | 0.22 (0.04) 2 | 0.12 (0.01) 2 | 0.60 (0.31) | 0.24 (0.04) 3 |
| Beta-Carotene (umol/L) | 0.72 (0.13) 2 | 0.42 (0.04) 2 | 0.92 (0.12) 2 | 0.63 (0.08) 2,3 |
| B-Cryptoxanthin (umol/L) | 0.25 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.04) |
| Lutein/Zeaxanthin (umol/L) | 0.60 (0.05) | 0.54 (0.05) | 0.78 (0.07) 2,3 | 0.86 (0.10) 2,3 |
| Lycopene (umol/L) | 0.75 (0.06) | 0.73 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.06) | 0.70 (0.06) |
1 Mean (SE). 2 Different between groups, p ≤ 0.05. 3 Different from baseline within group, p ≤ 0.05.