. 2020 Jul 18;12(7):2139. doi: 10.3390/nu12072139

Table 3.

Daily dietary intake from the background diet calculated from 3-day dietary records and absolute changes (Δ) at the beginning (0) and at the end (12) of the study.

Parameter		CON		EX		EXDC		EXCO		p
Parameter	t		Δ		Δ		Δ		Δ
Energy intake (kcal)	0	1873.7 ± 354.0	−21.0 ± 51.6	2023.5 ± 408.5	−217.3 ± 455.0	1887.4 ± 539.5	−227.5 ± 453.8	1923.5 ± 436.8	−146.8 ± 476.3	0.334
Energy intake (kcal)	12	1852.7 ± 476.0	−21.0 ± 51.6	1806.1 ± 365.4	−217.3 ± 455.0	1659.9 ± 470.9	−227.5 ± 453.8	1776.8 ± 413.5	−146.8 ± 476.3	0.334
Protein (%E)	0	16.7 ± 2.5	−0.08 ± 2.40	16.1 ± 3.42	0.86 ± 3.84	17.6 ± 3.66	−0.02 ± 4.05	15.6 ± 2.99	1.05 ± 3.68	0.772
Protein (%E)	12	16.7 ± 2.0	−0.08 ± 2.40	16.9 ± 3.37	0.86 ± 3.84	17.6 ± 2.93	−0.02 ± 4.05	16.7 ± 3.26	1.05 ± 3.68	0.772
Fat (%E)	0	36.1 ± 7.39	4.32 ± 8.17	36.2 ± 7.47	0.69 ± 7.97	37.2 ± 7.01	−0.60 ± 7.04	38.1 ± 6.69	−2.51 ± 9.04	0.016
Fat (%E)	12	40.4 ± 6.24 ^†	4.32 ± 8.17	36.9 ± 6.00	0.69 ± 7.97	36.6 ± 7.93	−0.60 ± 7.04	35.6 ± 7.48	−2.51 ± 9.04	0.016
CHO (%E)	0	41.66 ± 6.23	−5.11 ± 6.65	42.6 ± 9.45	−2.76 ± 8.36	39.0 ± 6.16	0.66 ± 8.08	41.92 ± 6.09	0.47 ± 8.72	0.015
CHO (%E)	12	36.56 ± 5.93 ^†	−5.11 ± 6.65	39.8 ± 6.45 *	−2.76 ± 8.36	39.6 ± 7.76	0.66 ± 8.08	42.39 ± 7.86	0.47 ± 8.72	0.015
Fiber (g)	0	20.80 ± 7.44	−0.76 ± 7.11	23.4 ± 7.79	−4.08 ± 6.79	19.0 ± 5.97	3.00 ± 8.39	22.0 ± 6.47	−0.78 ± 8.03	0.004
Fiber (g)	12	20.04 ± 9.51	−0.76 ± 7.11	19.3 ± 6.08 ^†	−4.08 ± 6.79	22.0 ± 6.43 *	3.00 ± 8.39	21.2 ± 8.80	−0.78 ± 8.03	0.004
SFA (g)	0	34.3 ± 14.2	2.90 ± 15.5	35.7 ± 13.6	−4.67 ± 15.7	33.8 ± 14.1	−3.61± 9.34	36.9 ± 15.5	−6.93 ± 15.2	0.060
SFA (g)	12	37.2 ± 13.6	2.90 ± 15.5	31.0 ± 11.2	−4.67 ± 15.7	30.2 ±12.7	−3.61± 9.34	29.9 ± 11.1	−6.93 ± 15.2	0.060
MUFA(g)	0	25.1 ± 8.53	3.51 ± 13.2	28.9 ± 12.5	−2.99 ± 11.9	27.3 ± 11.6	−4.80 ± 9.17	27.3 ± 9.61	−3.41 ± 12.0	0.030
MUFA(g)	12	28.6 ± 11.8	3.51 ± 13.2	26.0 ± 11.2	−2.99 ± 11.9	22.5 ± 11.5 *	−4.80 ± 9.17	23.9 ± 9.29 *	−3.41 ± 12.0	0.030
PUFA (g)	0	10.6 ± 5.16	1.58 ± 6.83	11.9 ± 3.96	0.21± 5.01	12.4 ± 7.30	−2.13 ± 6.86	11.8 ± 5.64	−1.26 ± 4.07	0.088
PUFA (g)	12	12.1 ± 7.69	1.58 ± 6.83	12.1 ± 5.75	0.21± 5.01	10.3 ± 5.35	−2.13 ± 6.86	10.5 ± 5.26	−1.26 ± 4.07	0.088
DHA (g)	0	0.19 ± 0.26	−0.02 ± 0.42	0.29 ± 0.34	0.11 ± 0.46	0.26 ± 0.21	0.15 ± 0.37	0.23 ± 0.30	−0.4 ± 0.35	0.728
DHA (g)	12	0.18 ± 0.32	−0.02 ± 0.42	0.39 ± 0.47	0.11 ± 0.46	0.40 ± 0.43	0.15 ± 0.37	0.19 ± 0.19	−0.4 ± 0.35	0.728
EPA (g)	0	0.14 ± 0.42	−0.03 ± 0.56	0.27 ± 0.54	−0.01 ± 0.37	0.12 ± 0.17	0.25 ± 0.33	0.18 ± 0.41	0.09 ± 0.23	0.095
EPA (g)	12	0.12 ± 0.30	−0.03 ± 0.56	0.30 ± 0.41	−0.01 ± 0.37	0.38 ± 0.42	0.25 ± 0.33	0.14 ± 0.19	0.09 ± 0.23	0.095

Values are given as mean ± SD. p values represent time*intervention interaction analyzed with two-way repeated measure ANOVA. In case of significance, asterisks indicate statistical differences within groups detected with Bonferroni post hoc test (* p < 0.05; ^† p < 0.01; ^‡). t = time in weeks, %E = percent of total energy, CHO = carbohydrates.