Model for interaction between RAV and MADS factors during reproductive growth. A, OsRAV9 represses the transcription of OsMADS14, a positive regulator of the florigen Hd3a, in the leaf. Upon floral transition, the complex Hd3a-OsFD activates the expression of IM identity genes OsMADS14-15-18-34 in the apical meristem. B, The expression of OsMADS1 in developing flowers marks the formation of lemma/palea (in green) and central carpel (in pink) from the FM, whereas the presence of OsMADS16 and OsMADS13 prevents the expression of genes involved in carpel development in stamen primordia (in yellow) and in ovule primordium (in violet).