Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics or all patients and between frail and pre-/non-frail patients
| Total (N = 93) | Frail (N = 11) | Pre-/non-frail (N = 82) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72 (27-88) | 82 (69-88) | 72 (27-85) | 0.041 |
| Sex (male/female) | 57/36 | 4/7 | 53/29 | 0.071 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.7 (14.2-33.0) | 19.7 (14.5-24.9) | 22.0 (14.2-33.0) | 0.242 |
| Smoking (current and former) | 45 (48.4%) | 2 (18.2%) | 43 (52.4%) | 0.033 |
| Alcohol | 6 (6.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.350 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (25.9%) | 5 (45.5%) | 18 (22.0%) | 0.090 |
| Antithrombotic drugs | 21 (22.6%) | 5 (45.5%) | 16 (19.5%) | 0.053 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 27.0 (10.0-48.0) | 14.6 (10.0-22.8) | 27.4 (13.1-48.0) | 0.002 |
| Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2) | 6.7 (4.0-8.9) | 4.7 (4.0-5.7) | 6.8 (4.7-8.9) | 0.063 |
| Sarcopenia | 37 (39.8%) | 11 (100.0%) | 26 (31.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Disease | 0.539 | |||
| Pancreatic cancer | 46 (49.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | 40 (48.8%) | |
| Bile duct cancer (including papilla of Vater) | 20 (21.5%) | 4 (36.4%) | 16 (19.5%) | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 9 (9.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (11.0%) | |
| Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor | 6 (6.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.3%) | |
| Benign tumor | 5 (5.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (6.1%) | |
| Others | 7 (7.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (7.3%) | |
| Surgical procedure | 0.488 | |||
| Pancreatoduodenectomy | 68 (73.1%) | 9 (81.8%) | 59 (72.0%) | |
| Distal pancreatectomy | 25 (26.9%) | 2 (18.2%) | 23 (28.0%) | |
| Soft pancreas | 62 (66.7%) | 7 (63.6%) | 55 (67.1%) | 0.820 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 4.0 (2.6-4.9) | 3.3 (2.6-4.0) | 4.0 (2.7-4.9) | 0.009 |
| Lymphocyte (×103/μl) | 1551 (530-3724) | 1242 (530-2124) | 1568 (540-3724) | 0.546 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 198 (72-335) | 137 (72-230) | 200 (89-335) | 0.156 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.9 (8.4-19.6) | 11.3 (9.4-14.0) | 13.1 (8.4-19.6) | 0.059 |
| Prognostic nutritional index | 48.2 (32.1-62.6) | 36.2 (32.3-48.2) | 49.0 (32.1-62.6) | 0.002 |
| Controlling nutritional status | < 0.001 | |||
| 0〜1 or 2〜4 | 84 (90.3%) | 4 (36.4%) | 80 (97.6%) | |
| 5〜8 or 8〜 | 9 (9.7%) | 7 (63.6%) | 2 (2.4%) | |
| Operative time (min) | 514 (206-874) | 563 (228-874) | 503 (206-872) | 0.162 |
| Blood loss (g) | 685 (75-5671) | 985 (223-2703) | 662 (75-5671) | 0.186 |
| Intraoperative transfusion | 20 (21.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | 14 (17.1%) | 0.005 |
| Clavien-Dindo classification ≧ IIIa | 40 (43.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | 32 (39.0%) | 0.034 |
| Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula | 16 (17.2%) | 3 (27.3%) | 13 (15.9%) | 0.346 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (day) | 18 (7-431) | 21 (14-83) | 17 (7-431) | 0.041 |
| Postoperative 30-day mortality | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.006 |
| Postoperative 90-day mortality | 3 (3.2%) | 3 (27.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 |
Values in median