Table 3.
Details of the clinical characteristics of frail patients
| No | Age (years) | Sex | Medical history | Disease | Surgical procedure | Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≧ IIIa) | 30-day postoperative mortality (cause of death) | 90-day postoperative mortality (cause of death) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 86 | F | AS, heart pacemaker | PC | DP | Pancreatic fistula (grade B) | No | No |
| 2 | 88 | F | AS, DM | PC | PD | No | No | |
| 3 | 88 | F | CI, DM, PE | BC | PD | Pancreatic fistula (grade C), pseudoaneurysm s/o, pylethrombosis, melena | No | Yes (acute respiratory failure) |
| 4 | 81 | M | Bronchiectasis | PC | PD | Bacterial pneumonia, ARDS, wound dehiscence | No | Yes (acute respiratory failure, DIC) |
| 5 | 72 | M | Gastric caner | Remnant gastric cancer | PD | Esophagojejunostomy leakage, pancreatic fistula (grade C), aspiration pneumonia | Yes (acute respiratory failure, septic shock) | No |
| 6 | 69 | M | CI, MI | BC | PD | Intra-abdominal abscess | No | No |
| 7 | 82 | M | CI, MI, PAD | BC | PD | Paralytic ileus | No | No |
| 8 | 79 | F | Gastric ulcer | BC | PD | Anastomotic bleeding of gastrojejunostomy | No | No |
| 9 | 85 | F | Pulmonary tuberculosis | PC | PD | No | No | |
| 10 | 87 | F | DM | PC | DP | Organ/space surgical site infection | No | No |
| 11 | 81 | F | Duodenal ulcer | PC | PD | No | No |
Abbreviations: ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, AS aortic stenosis, BC bill duct cancer, CI cerebral infarction; DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation, DM diabetes mellitus, DP distal pancreatectomy, F female, M male, MI myocardial infarction, PAD peripheral arterial disease, PC pancreatic cancer, PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, PE pulmonary embolism