Table 1.

Summary of the bioactive compounds derived from different species of diatoms with anticancer activities on different cell lines.

Diatoms Species	Anticancer Compounds	Target Cells	IC50	Time	References
Skeletonema marinoi	Monoacylglycerides (MAGs)	Haematological cancer cell line (U-937)	5 µg/mL	24 h	[28]
		Colon cancer cell line (HCT-116)	5 µg/mL
		MePR-2B normal cells	-
	Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs 2-trans,4-trans-decadienal (DD))	A549	Not clarified	48 h	[11]
		Colon adenocarcinoma metastatic ascites-deriving (COLO 205)	Not clarified
		Normal lung/brunch epithelial (BEAS-2B)	-
Thalassiosira rotula Skeletonema costatum Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima	Unsaturated aldehydes	Caco-2 cells	11 ± 17 µg/mL	48 h	[35]
Synedra acus	Chrysolaminaran	Human colon cancer cells (HT-29)	54.5 µg/mL	72 h	[18]
		Colon cell line (DLD-1)	47.7 µg/mL
Phaeodactylum tricornutum	Nonyl 8-acetoxy-6-methyloctanoate (NAMO, fatty alcohol ester)	Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60)	22.3 µg/mL	48 h	[3]
		Human lung carcinoma (A549)	50 µg/mL
		Mouse melanoma (B16F10)	-
	Monogalactosyl diacylglycerols	Wild-type W2 Wild-type D3	52 µM 64 µM	48 h	[36]
	Fucoxanthin	Caco-2 (derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma), Hep G2, and HeLa (derived from cervical cancer cells)	Not clarified	48 h	[37]
Navicula incerta	Stigmasterol (phytosterol)	Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2)	8.25 µg/mL	24 h	[38]
Haslea ostreria	hasla-6(17),9,13,23- tetraene	Human lung cancer (NSCLC-N6)	3.8 µg/mL	72 h	[39]
	Marennine	Skin cancer (M96), lung cancer (NSCLC-N6), and kidney cancer (E39)	30.2, 34.2, and 57.8 µg/mL
Cocconeis scutellum	Fraction 3 (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), diethyl ether extract)	Breast carcinoma (BT20) Human normal lymphocytes	Not clarified -	24 h	[40]
Chaetoceros calcitrans	EtOH extract	MCF-7	3 µg/mL	24 h	[41]
	AcOEt extract	Breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231)	60 µg/mL	72 h	[42]