Figure 1. Voriconazole inhibits growth and promotes UV-induced apoptosis and DNA damage of primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) .

PHKs were cultured with 25 μM Voriconazole (Vcz), 25 μM Fluconazole (Fcz), or vehicle for 24 hours, then subjected to UV irradiation (25 mJ/cm²). A) Cell numbers were assayed and normalized to 1 at time 0. At five days post-UV, mock vs Vcz, * p < 0.00001 and mock vs Fcz, ** p = 0.009. Vcz vs Vcz + UV. p = 0.0001 B) At 24 hours post-UV, control and irradiated PHKs were subjected to TUNEL staining and the percentage of positive cells was determined, Vcz vs. mock p < 0.00001, Fcz vs. mock p = 0.019. C) Representative ‘comet tail’ consisting of fragmented DNA which was quantitated as described. D) Vcz and Fcz induce significantly larger tail moments at 0.5 and 4 hours post-UV. Mock vs Vcz at 0.5 hours, *p = 0.002; mock vs Vcz at 4 hours, **p = 0.0004. Mock vz Fcz at 0.5 hours, ^p = 0.0466; mock vs Fcz at 4 hours, ^^p = .0224. Number of nuclei evaluated per condition at time points shown in Table S1. Error bars represent SEM. N=3.