Table 2.
Disease Modeling Using Precision-Cut Lung Slices
| Disease | Ex Vivo/In Vivo | Model | Species | Research Focus/Readout | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD | In vivo | Elastase model | Mouse | Exploration of Wnt-β-catenin–induced repair in emphysema | (15) |
| CS exposure and viral exacerbation | Mouse | PPAR-γ agonists as treatment for H1N1 influenza | (76) | ||
| Influenza A–induced exacerbations | (12) | ||||
| CS exposure | Mouse | Ciliary beating in epithelial cells | (81) | ||
| CS-induced neutrophilia | (82) | ||||
| Guinea pig | Vasoconstriction and relaxation of CS-exposed arteries | (41) | |||
| Human COPD | Human | Exploration of Wnt/β-catenin induction as regenerative therapy | (15) | ||
| Ex vivo | Elastase | Mouse | Ex vivo modeling of COPD | (38) | |
| CS exposure | Mouse | Assessment of ex vivo exposure to CS | (83) | ||
| CS condensate | Rodent, rhesus, and human | Characterization of PCLS response to CS condensate treatment | (83) | ||
| Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid | Human | Inflammatory cytokines’ response to Toll-like receptor 3 activation and effect on small airway mechanics | (42) | ||
| LPS treatment | Human | Immunosuppressive therapy in human PCLS | (16) | ||
| IPF | In vivo | Bleomycin | Mouse | Effect of caffeine on extracellular matrix in a bleomycin model of fibrosis | (46) |
| Rat | Study of collagen tissue turnover in fibrotic rat lung tissue | (84) | |||
| Transgenic TGF-β | Mouse | Targeting of collagen deposition in CC10 promoter–driven TGF-β activation fibrosis | (85) | ||
| Human IPF | Human | Exploration of PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor for antifibrotic therapy | (45) | ||
| Ex vivo | Bleomycin | Rat | Study of the interaction of caveolin-1 and CD147 | (86) | |
| TGF-β + CdCl2 | Rat | Characterization of an ex vivo model by immunohistological assessments | (87) | ||
| Fibrosis cocktail | Human | Modeling early fibrosis-like changes in normal human PCLS | (48) | ||
| Cancer | In vivo | KRAS mutation | Mouse | LSL-KrasG12D/+; Lkb1fl/fl (Kras; Lkb1 as a lung cancer model) | (60) |
| Nanoparticle treatment on PCLS from mouse tumor lung tissue | (58) | ||||
| Exploration of heterogeneity in lung cancer | (61) | ||||
| Tumor resection | Human | Oligonucleotide–nanoparticle complexes to target telomerase activity in resection of non–small cell lung cancer tumors | (62) | ||
| Ex vivo nanoparticle delivery on human PCLS derived from adenocarcinoma and secondary lung tumor resections | (58) | ||||
| Tumor resection | Human | Mechanism of T-cell infiltration in PCLS derived from lung tumor resections | (39) | ||
| Other models | Ex vivo | Anthrax | Human | Characterization of the immune response to infection with Bacillus anthracis spores | (75) |
| Tuberculosis | Human | Evaluation of immune response to different strains of M. tuberculosis infection ex vivo | (72) | ||
| Influenza virus | Human | Effects of CS extract on the response of PCLS to viral stimuli | (78) | ||
| HRV virus | Human | Response of PCLS to HRV infection | (88) | ||
| Silica-induced inflammation | Mouse | Exploration of the role of macrophages in early lung inflammation through co-culture of immortalized macrophages with lung slices exposed to silica | (33) |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CS = cigarette smoke; HRV = human rhinovirus; IPF = idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; M. tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PPAR-γ = peroxisome proliferator-active receptor γ; TGF-β = transforming growth factor-β.