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. 2020 Jun 17;20(3):2141–2147. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8893

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Copyright: © Liu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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PPD activates the PI3k/Akt/GSK-3 β signaling pathway. PPD increased p-Akt levels and decreased the expression levels of p-GSK-3β. p-Akt levels were suppressed and GSK-3β levels were enhanced in the PPD/LY294002 group. The expression levels of p-Akt were increased, whereas the expression levels of GSK-3β were decreased in the PPD/LiCl group. (A) Western blotting of p-Akt and Akt levels. (B) Western blotting of p-GSK-3β and GSK-3β levels. The values are presented as mean ± SD, n=10. ^**P<0.01 vs. the NS group; ^##P<0.01 vs. the DMCM group; ^$P<0.05 and ^$$P<0.01 vs. the PPD group. PPD, 25-OH-PPD; GSK-3 β, inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β; p-, phosphorylated; DMCM, diabetic cardiomyopathy.