Effect of GS on IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2 mRNA expression in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. Orbital fibroblasts obtained from both GO (n = 3) and non-GO (n = 3) subjects were pretreated with GS for 24 hours prior to stimulation with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 16 hours. IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2 mRNA levels were evaluated using RT-PCR. Results are presented as the mean ± SD fold mRNA expression (relative to the control gene GAPDH) from three independent experiments using cells from different individuals (*P < 0.05 vs. IL-1β-stimulated cells without GS pretreatment).