Effect of GS on IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2 proteins in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. Confluent orbital fibroblasts from GO (n = 3) and non-GO (n = 3) subjects were untreated or pretreated with various doses (5–25 µM) of GS for 24 hours before stimulation with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 16 hours. Protein expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and COX-2 was evaluated by western blot analyses. Results are presented as the mean density ratio (/β-actin) ± SD of three experiments from different cell samples, and bands are representative figures (*P < 0.05 vs. IL-1β-treated cells without GS pretreatment).