Table 3.

Sample outcome-based behavior workflow for snow leopard hunting behavior *.

Step 1. Identify species-specific behaviors	Play	Drink	Scent Mark	Hunt
Step 2. Identify contexts or components	-	-	-	Small-Sized Prey	Medium-Sized Prey	Large-Sized Prey	Birds
Step 3. List the natural history adaptations	-	-	-	Quick reaction time, quick response to unpredictable spatial or temporal appearance. Uses multiple sensory cues. High risk of failure.	Relies on sensory cues. Must use claws, legs, teeth, eyes, ears, balance, muscles, speed, and strength. Risk of failure or injury.	Relies on sensory cues, seasonal cues, and must use claws, legs, teeth, eyes, ears, balance, muscles, speed, and strength. Risk of failure or injury.	Stalking, noise reduction, vertical leaping ability, long leaping ability, and paw eye coordination. Uses multiple sensory cues.
Step 4. Determine behavioral outcomes	-	-	-	Limited window of opportunity, pouncing, improved accuracy, opportunistic, and fast responses. High energy output for small reward.	Use correct responses to cues over a long period of time. Problem solving, stalking, physically demanding, and unpredictable. High value and high motivation.	Long buildup of responses to sensory and seasonal cues, stalking, jumping, and long pre-process time (attack/kill), stashing, dragging heavy objects, high motivation, high reward, and high energy output.	Must jump and swipe, unpredictable, must be fast and have quick reaction time, and vertical pursuits. High output for small reward.
Step 5. Identify inputs to achieve behavioral goals	-	-	-	Offer smaller, whole prey items in hard to reach places. Only available for a designated period of time. Attached to zip line that retreats into an inaccessible area. Rabbit in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe in the ground (with or without bungee). Preceded by automatic scent dispenser, environmental changes (holes dug, rabbit sounds, bushes shaking, and small pieces of pelt) for days prior.	Following scent, visual, and auditory cues for a period of days, food is located out of reach in novel locations and/or attached to bungee or other device. Offer medium-sized whole prey items following environmental events (rain, cloud cover, heat). Increase time allowed with food item, placed in a way that only some parts can be stashed if not removed by the cat properly.	Very rare following long period of visual cues (vultures), then scent cues, and finally auditory cues (other predators/scavengers, antler rubs, mating calls). Large and rare whole prey item. Very difficult to move, fixed at several points in a very difficult area to access. Only provided on occasion following a specific seasonal event (dry to wet).	Novel food item with timed delivery and quick dispersal. Small whole prey item like a bone on a vertical pulley, swipe tube, or cat operated zip line. Preceded with auditory cues days prior, and feathers closer to provision. Seasonally directed with high concentration time points after natural event (cold snap, rain event, or season change).

* Different colors of shadow mean different workflows for snow leopard hunting behavior.