| AAV | Australian Accredited Veterinarian |
| ASEL | Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock [17] |
| ESCAS | Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System [18] |
| IO | Independent Observers |
| LEI | live export industry |
| LGAP | Livestock Global Assurance Program |
| QBA | Qualitative Behavioural Assessment |
| WQ | European Commission’s Welfare Quality® audit [103,104,105] |
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