Table 4. Pain, depression, and functional disability according to study groups.

	Physical therapy							†p	‡p
	Group 1 (n=26)			†p	Group 2 (n=27)
	Mean±SD	Median	Min-Max		Mean±SD	Median Min-Max
Visual analog scale
Pre-treatment	7.2±1.7	7,5	3-9		7.0±1.4	7	4-9		0,377
Post-treatment	5.0±1.5	5	2-7		3.7±1.5	4	1-6		0.002**
Week 4 (EOT)	3.3±1.4	3	1-6		2.0±1.3	2	0-5		0.002**
§p		0.001**				0.001**
Difference
Pre-/post-treatment	-2.2±0.6	-2		0.001**	-3.3±0.9	-3		0.001**	0.001**
Pre-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-3.9±1.1	-4		0.001**	-5.0±1.0	-5		0.001**	0.001**
Post-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-1.7±0.7	-2		0.001**	-1.6±0.6	-2		0.001**	0,529
Beck Depression Inventory
Pre-treatment	12.0±7.4	12	1-29		12.0±4.4	12	2-20		0,506
Post-treatment	9.4±6.4	8	0-22		7.3±3.9	7	1-16		0,304
Week 4 (EOT)	6.5±5.0	6	0-18		4.6±3.6	4	0-13		0,139
§p		0.001**				0.001**
Difference
Pre-/post-treatment	-2.6±2.1	-2		0.001**	-4.7±2.5	-4		0.001**	0.001**
Pre-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-5.5±3.1	-5		0.001**	-7.4±3.1	-8		0.001**	0.014*
Post-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-2.9±1.8	-2,5		0.001**	-2.7±2.9	-3		0.001**	0,612
Oswestry Disability Index
Pre-treatment	36.2±18.6	33	4-72		35.9±14.3	36	8-56		0,950
Post-treatment	27.1±16.1	23	2-56		20.7±11. 6	16	2-44		0,104
Week 4 (EOT)	17.8±12.4	16	0-44		12.2±10.7	8	0-40		0.032*
§p		0.001**				0.001**
Difference
Pre-/post-treatment	-9.2±4.7	-8		0.001**	-15.2±6.6	-14		0.001**	0.001**
Pre-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-18.5±9.1	-19		0.001**	-23.7±9.7	-24		0.001**	0.041*
Post-treatment/week 4 (EOT)	-9.3±5.5	-8		0.001**	-8.5±4.5	-8		0.001**	0,690
SD: Standard deviation; EOT: End of treatment; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; † Wilcoxon signed-rank test; ‡ Mann-Whitney U test; § Friedman test.