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. 2020 Jul 17;20(3):2631–2638. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9022

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Copyright: © Li et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Gene expression, Safranin-O staining and immunohistochemical analysis of articular cartilage. (A) Cartilage from DKK1-treated knees indicated higher expression levels of MMP-13 and p53. (B) Safranin-O staining and (C) immunohistochemical results showed that LiCl-treated joints had severe cartilage damage and much higher expression levels of β-catenin, while DKK1-treated joints had intact cartilage and low expression levels of β-catenin. Normal cartilage tissues indicated no structural changes or alterations in the expression levels of β-catenin. Control animals received vehicle treatment (PBS). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. n=4. ^*P<0.05 vs. control group. DKK1, dickkopf 1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.