Table 4.
Characteristics of the Studies Investigating the Relationship Between Myopia and Cataract
| Study | Authors | Country | Data Collection Period | Total Participants (n) | Study Type | Ethnicity | Male Sex (%) | Age, y* | Definition of Myopia (D) | Adjusted Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) | Kanthan et al.54 2014 | Australia | 1992–2004 | 2564 | Prospective | – | 43.3 | 66 (49–97) | Low: –1 to ≥ –3.5 Moderate: –3.5 to ≥ –6 High: ≤ –6 |
Age, sex |
| Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) | Chang et al.58 2005 | United States | 2520 | Cross-sectional | 73.6% White 26.4% Black |
42.1 | 73.0 ± 5.1 | Low: –0.5 to > –4Moderate: –4 to > –6High: ≤ –6 | Age, race, sex, tobacco use, education, and clustering between eyes | |
| Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) | Wong et al.57 2001 | United States | 1988–1990 | 3053 | Prospective | – | 55.1 | 58.8 ± 9.7 | Low: –1 to –3High: ≤ –3.25 | Age, sex |
| Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) |
Lim et al.59 1999 | Australia | 1992– 1994 | 3654 | Cross-sectional | – | 43.3 | 66 (49–97) | Low: –1 to > –3.5 Moderate: –3.5 > –6 High: ≤ –6 | Age, sex |
| Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES) | Pan et al. 201360 | Singapore, | 2004 | 3280 | Cross-sectional | Malay | – | – (40–80) | Low: –0.5 to ≥ –2Moderate: –2 to ≥ –5High: < –5.0 | Age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking history, and education level |
| Singapore Indian Eye Study | Pan et al. 201361 | Singapore | 2007 | 3400 | Cross-sectional | Indian | – | – (40– 84) | Any: ≤ –0.5Low: –0.5 to > –3 High: –3 to < –6 | Age, sex, smoking, education, body mass index, hypertension, and total cholesterol level |
| The Casteldaccia Eye Study | Giuffre et al.65 2005 | Italy | – | 1068 | Case-control | White | – | ≥ 40 | Any: > –1.5 | None |
| The Barbados Eye Study | Wu et al.66 1999 | Barbados | 1997–2003 | 4036 | Cross-sectional | Black | 43 | (40–84) | Any: < –0.5 | Age, sex, SES, lens opacity |
| The Handan Eye Study | Duan et al.64 2013 | China | 2006–2007 | 6544 | Cross-sectional | Chinese | 46.3 | 52.0 ± 11.8 | Any: < –0.5 | Not specified (age) |
| The Tanjong Pagar Survey | Wong et al.62 2003 | Singapore | 1997–1998 | 1029 | Cross-sectional | Chinese | 45.6 | – (40–81) | Any: ≤ –0.5 Low: –0.5 to > –3.00 Moderate: –3.0 to > –6 High: < –6 |
Age, sex, education, diabetes, and smoking status |
| The Visual Impairment Project | Mukesh et al.63 2006 | Australia | 1992–1999 | 2392 | Prospective | Caucasian | 45 | 62.5 ± 10.9 | Any: < –1.0 | Age, sex, country of birth, occupation, smoking status, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, vitamin C supplements, calcium channel blockers |
*
Mean ± SD (range). SES, socio-economic status.