Table 1.
Anthropometric parameters, mean physical activity level, and values of maximum rate of oxygen uptake at the studied groups of women and men in consecutive stages of the study (women, n = 10; men n = 10) a.
| Variable | Stages of the Study | p b | p c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | After ID | After ID&BEET | |||
| Women | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 63.6 ± 8.0 | 63.5 ± 8.3 | 63.6 ± 8.6 | 0.743 | 0.801 |
| FM% | 26.4 ± 4.3 | 25.91 ± 5.2 | 24.9 ± 4.8 | 0.303 | 0.059 |
| FFM% | 73.6 ± 4.3 | 74.09 ± 5.2 | 75.1 ± 4.8 | 0.303 | 0.059 |
| FM (kg) | 16.9 ± 4.0 | 16.5 ± 5.1 | 16.1 ± 4.8 | 0.339 | 0.214 |
| FFM (kg) | 46.7 ± 5.8 | 47.0 ± 4.9 | 47.5 ± 5.3 | 0.562 | 0.146 |
| VO2max(mL/kg/min) | 39.3 ± 4.8 | 39.4 ± 4.8 | 42.8 ± 4.7 | 0.668 | 0.011 |
| PA | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 0.325 | 0.544 |
| Men | |||||
| Weight (kg) | 82.5 ± 11.6 * | 82.4 ± 11.9 * | 82.7 ± 11.4 * | 0.781 | 0.529 |
| FM% | 17.7 ± 4.7 * | 16.9 ± 4.3 * | 16.6 ± 4.1 * | 0.123 | 0.584 |
| FFM% | 82.3 ± 4.7 * | 83.1 ± 4.3 * | 83.4 ± 4.1 * | 0.123 | 0.584 |
| FM (kg) | 15.0 ± 4.8 | 14.3 ± 4.5 | 14.0 ± 4.3 | 0.068 | 0.505 |
| FFM (kg) | 67.6 ± 8.2 * | 68.2 ± 8.5 * | 68.7 ± 8.4 * | 0.120 | 0.210 |
| VO2max(mL/kg/min) | 46.0 ± 7.8 * | 45.3 ± 9.3 | 48.5 ± 10.3 | 0.728 | 0.023 |
| PA | 1.9 ± 0.3 * | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 0.088 | 0.659 |
a Values are presented as mean ± SD or as median and range; p b: B versus ID; p c: ID versus ID&BEET; bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level: * (p < 0.05) unpaired-sample t-test indicated significant differences between women and men at the same time of the study stage; B: Baseline parameters; ID: The first stage of the study (implementation of dietary recommendations); ID&BEET: The second stage of the study (implementation of dietary recommendations and beetroot juice supplementation); FM%: Fat mas percent; FFM%: Fat free mass percent; VO2max: Maximum rate of oxygen uptake; PA: Mean physical activity level.