Table 2.
Absolute and relative energy and macronutrient intake as well as selected nutrient intake in relation to the reference range calculated from a three-day dietary records at the studied group of fencers (n = 20) a.
| Variable | Stages of the Study | p b | p c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | During ID | During ID&BEET | |||
| Absolute and relative energy and macronutrient intake | |||||
| Energy kcal/kg bw | 30.9 ± 7.4 | 32.6 ± 6.1 | 34.5 ± 6.1 | 0.120 | 0.084 |
| Carbohydrates (%E) | 45.6 ± 8.2 | 45.4 ± 4.2 | 46.6 ± 5.3 | 0.880 | 0.395 |
| Protein (%E) | 17.2 (11.3–31.2) | 18.0 (14.7–30.9) | 17.1 (14.1–26.2) | 0.269 | 0.023 |
| Fat (%E) | 32.9 (26.9–52.2) | 35.5 ± 3.3 | 35.4 ± 4.7 | 0.881 | 0.901 |
| SFA (%E) | 12.9 ± 4.5 | 12.7 ± 2.7 | 12.3 ± 2.4 | 0.776 | 0.608 |
| MUFA (%E) | 13.7 (9.0–27.5) | 14.8 ± 5.0 | 15.0 ± 3.0 | 0.794 | 0.841 |
| PUFA (%E) | 5.49 (2.30–11.19) | 5.22 (3.21–9.50) | 5.17 (3.74–9.32) | 0.391 | 0.601 |
| Nutrient intake in relation to the reference range | |||||
| Vit. E (%R) | 152.4 ± 50.3 | 148.7 ± 37.0 | 155.1 ± 35.6 | 0.746 | 0.573 |
| Vit. A (%R) | 148.8 ± 49.9 | 166.7±40.9 | 157.2 ± 41.4 | 0.367 | 0.913 |
| Vit. C (%R) | 148.4 ± 58.8 | 166.3 ± 72.2 | 162.8 ± 49.3 | 0.352 | 0.905 |
| Vit. B1 (%R) | 124.1 ± 39.3 | 124.4 ± 22.2 | 125.6 ± 24.1 | 0.780 | 0.900 |
| Vit. B2 (%R) | 168.8 ± 52.3 | 170.9 ± 34.5 | 168.8 ± 31.5 | 0.785 | 0.785 |
| Vit. B6 (%R) | 170.2 ± 58.7 | 184.4 ± 39.9 | 181.6 ± 40.8 | 0.262 | 0.827 |
| Vit. B12 (%R) | 182.6 (62.0–929.3) | 201.7 (111.0–662.7) | 177.1 (110.4–662.7) | 0.526 | 0.020 |
| Niacin (%R) | 137.8 ± 61.2 | 162.0 ± 36.5 | 155.5 ± 40.7 | 0.056 | 0.604 |
| Folate (%R) | 93.4 ± 30.9 | 91.0 ± 23.1 | 90.9 ± 18.4 | 0.700 | 0.986 |
| Zinc (%R) | 140.5 ± 40.0 | 143.3 ± 34.6 | 141.3 ± 31.8 | 0.638 | 0.730 |
| Iron (%R) | 112.9 ± 60.0 | 109.1 ± 44.3 | 107.3 ± 40.40 | 0.530 | 0.763 |
| Copper (%R) | 154.0 (77.7–348.2) | 161.4 (103.4–286.6) | 160.2 (131.9–253.7) | 1.000 | 0.496 |
| Calcium (%R) | 92.7 ± 39.0 | 98.9 ± 33.3 | 92.0 ± 21.6 | 0.785 | 0.949 |
| Magnesium (%R) | 106.8 ± 32.5 | 113.4 ± 25.3 | 112.7 ± 22.5 | 0.055 | 0.874 |
| Sodium (%R) | 249.5 ± 87.2 | 248.7 ± 69.3 | 234.6 ± 55.2 | 0.945 | 0.236 |
| Potassium (%R) | 98.6 ± 25.6 | 109.7 ± 21.1 | 110.2 ± 19.8 | 0.054 | 0.790 |
a Values are presented as mean ± SD or as median and range; p b: B versus ID; p c: ID versus ID&BEET; bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level; B: Baseline parameters; ID: The first stage of the study (implementation of dietary recommendations); ID&BEET: The second stage of the study (implementation of dietary recommendations and beetroot juice supplementation); bw: Body weight; SFA: Saturated fatty acids; MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; %E: Percent of energy; %R: Percent of reference range; Vit.: Vitamin.