Table 1.
Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19.
| Characteristic | Non-MIS-C, n (%) | MIS-C, n (%) | Total, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 69 (100) | 10 (100) | 79 (100) |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 4 (1−10.5) | 5.2 (1.5−8.4) | 4 (1−10.3) |
| Infants (<12 m) | 17 (25) | 2 (20) | 19 (24) |
| Toddler (≥12 m, <3 y) | 16 (23) | 2 (20) | 18 (23) |
| Preschool (≥3 y, <5 y) | 6 (9) | 1 (10) | 7 (9) |
| Grade-schooler (≥5 y, <12 y) | 15 (22) | 4 (40) | 19 (24) |
| Adolescent (≥12 y, <18 y) | 13 (19) | 1 (10) | 14 (18) |
| Young adult (≥18 y) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 35 (51) | 8 (80) | 43 (54) |
| Female | 34 (49) | 2 (20) | 36 (46) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 40 (58) | 6 (60) | 46 (58) |
| Mixed race/ethnicity | 19 (28) | 1 (10) | 20 (25) |
| Black | 10 (14) | 2 (20) | 12 (15) |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 1 (1) |
| Comorbidities | 30 (43) | 2 (20) | 32 (41) |
| Neuromuscular diseasea | 9 (30) | 1 (50) | 10 (31)c |
| Chronic respiratory diseaseb | 6 (20) | – | 6 (19)c |
| Oncohematological disease | 6 (20) | – | 6 (19)c |
| Congenital heart defect | 4 (13) | 1 (50) | 5 (16)c |
| Undernutrition | 4 (13) | – | 4 (13)c |
| Diabetes | 2 (7) | – | 2 (6)c |
| Prematurity | 2 (7) | – | 2 (6)c |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (3) | – | 1 (3)c |
| Obesity | 1 (3) | – | 1 (3)c |
| Contact with a suspected case (n = 31) | 24 (35) | 31 (39) | |
| Household | 20 (83) | 7 | 27 (87) |
| Other | 4 (17) | 3 | 4 (13) |
| Main clinical syndrome at presentation | |||
| Respiratoryd | 47 (68) | 47 (60) | |
| MIS | – | 10 (100) | 10 (13) |
| Kawasaki-like disease | – | 6 (60) | 6 (60) |
| Acute cardiac dysfunction | – | 2 (20) | 2 (20) |
| Toxic shock syndrome | – | 1 (10) | 1 (10) |
| Macrophage activation syndrome | – | 1 (10) | 1 (10) |
| Othere | 22 (32) | – | 22 (28) |
| Symptoms before hospitalization, median (IQR), days | 5 (2−8) | 2 (1−3) | 4 (2−8) |
| Clinical features at presentation | |||
| Fever | 51 (75) | 8 (80) | 59 (76) |
| Cough | 36 (53) | 4 (40) | 40 (51) |
| Tachypnea | 33 (49) | 6 (60) | 39 (50) |
| Low SpO2 (<92%) | 19 (28) | 4 (40) | 23 (29) |
| Prostration | 13 (19) | 6 (60) | 19 (24) |
| Chest retraction | 17 (25) | 1 (10) | 18 (23) |
| Runny nose | 16 (24) | 1 (10) | 17 (22) |
| Diarrhea | 12 (18) | 4 (40) | 16 (21) |
| Feed refusal | 11 (16) | 5 (50) | 16 (21) |
| Vomiting | 10 (15) | 6 (60) | 16 (21) |
| Dehydration | 9 (13) | 4 (40) | 13 (17) |
| Nasal flaring | 6 (9) | 2 (20) | 8 (10) |
| Groaning | 4 (6) | 3 (30) | 7 (9) |
| Cyanosis | 4 (6) | 1 (10) | 5 (6) |
| Hypotension | 3 (4) | 2 (20) | 5 (6) |
| Red throat | 2 (3) | 1 (10) | 3 (4) |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; MIS-C, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; SpO2, pulse oximeter oxygen saturation.
a
Non-progressive encephalopathy (n = 7), other causes (n = 2).
b
Asthma (n = 3), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (n = 1), tracheomalacia (n = 1), other (n = 3)d.
c
Some patients presented more than one comorbidity.
d
Pneumonia, 23; bronchiolitis, 10; other, 14.
e
Gastrointestinal, 8; neurological, 4; miscellaneous, 10.