Table 4a.
Demographics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 according to the presence of comorbidities, age less than 1 year, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, in all patients (n = 79).
| Characteristic | Comorbidities |
Age less than 1 year |
Invasive mechanical ventilation |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | p-Value | Yes | No | p-Value | Yes | No | p-Value | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 7.5 (2.1, 12.4) | 1.8 (0.8, 7.0) | 0.01c | 0.5 (0.2, 0.7) | 7.0 (1.9, 12.4) | 5.6 (1.2, 10.3) | 4.2 (1.2, 10.8) | 0.94c | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 17 (53) | 26 (55) | 1a | 9 (47) | 34 (57) | 0.48 | 6 (43) | 37 (57) | 0.51a |
| Female | 15 (47) | 21 (45) | 10 (53) | 26 (43) | 8 (57) | 28 (43) | |||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||||
| White | 17 (53) | 29 (62) | 0.57a | 8 (42) | 38 (63) | 0.17a | 8 (57) | 38 (58) | 1a |
| Non-white | 15 (47) | 18 (38) | 11 (58) | 22 (37) | 6 (43) | 27 (42) | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | – | – | – | 5 (26) | 27 (45) | 0.19a | 10 (71) | 22 (34) | 0.01a |
| No | – | – | – | 14 (74) | 33 (55) | 4 (29) | 43 (66) | ||
| Main presentation, n (%) | |||||||||
| Respiratory | 22 (69) | 25 (53) | 0.11a | 13 (68) | 34 (57) | 0.72a | 11 (79) | 26 (48) | 0.08a |
| MIS | 2 (6) | 8 (17) | 0.18b | 2 (11) | 8 (13) | 1b | 1 (7) | 9 (17) | 0.67a |
| Kawasaki-like disease | 2 (100) | 4 (50) | 0.56b | 2 (100) | 4 (50) | 0.56b | 0 (0) | 6 (67) | 0.30b |
| Acute cardiac dysfunction | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | 2 (25) | 0 (0) | 2 (22) | |||
| Toxic shock syndrome | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 0 (0) | 1 (12) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | |||
| Macrophage activation syndrome | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 0 (0) | 1 (12) | 0 (0) | 1 (11) | |||
| Other | 8 (25) | 14 (30) | 0.85a | 4 (22) | 18 (30) | 0.73a | 2 (14) | 20 (37) | 0.12a |
| Management, n (%) | |||||||||
| Oxygen therapy only | 18 (56) | 14 (31) | 0.05a | 5 (26) | 27 (45) | 0.24a | – | 32 (49) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 3 (9) | 2 (4) | 0.39b | 1 (5) | 4 (7) | 1a | 5 (8) | ||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 10 (31) | 4 (9) | 0.01b | 3 (16) | 11 (18) | 1a | – | – | |
| Days of use, median (IQR) | 7.5 (5.5–9.0) | 12.5 (8.8, 16.2) | 0.67c | 9.0 (9.0−9.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 11.0) | 0.66c | 7.5 (5.0–10.0) | – | |
| ARDS diagnosis, n (%) | 8 (25) | 2 (4) | 0.01b | 1 (5) | 9 (15) | 0.44b | – | – | – |
| PICU LOS, days, median (IQR) | 5.5 (2.8, 10) | 5 (2−8) | 0.88c | 6 (4−11) | 5 (2−9) | 0.18c | 12 (6−18) | 5.0 (2−7) | 0.01c |
| Outcome, n (%) | |||||||||
| Discharge | 26 (81) | 45 (96) | 0.10b | 17 (89) | 54 (90) | 0.79b | 10 (71) | 61 (94) | 0.01b |
| Death | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | |||
| Transfer to other hospital | 4 (12) | 2 (4) | 2 (11) | 4 (7) | 2 14) | 4 (6) | |||
a
Chi-squared test.
b
Fisher’s exact test.
c
Mann–Whitney U test.