Table 2.

Comorbidities, symptoms, and targets concerning SARS-CoV-2.

S. No.	Disease	SARS-CoV-2 targets	Symptoms	References
1	Hypertension	Upregulate ACE-2 expression	Increased blood pressure with pneumonia	[20]
2	COPD	Upregulate ACE-2 expression	Severe hypoxemia	[19]
3	CVD	Impaired immune system	Myocardial injury, heart attack	[12,29]
4	Liver diseases	ACE-2 expression in liver cells, i.e., cholangiocytes, endothelial cells hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells	Elevated serum aminotransferases	[31,32]
5	Malignancy	Impaired immune system	Adult respiratory distress syndrome	[32,49]
6	Asthma	Delayed innate antiviral immune response and delayed secretion of IFN-λ	Chronic respiratory diseases along with pneumonia-like symptoms	[22,56]
7	Renal diseases	Increase secretion of enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2)	Acute kidney injury (AKI)	[40,52]
8	HIV	Antiretroviral therapy (ART) with the impaired immune system and ACE-2 receptor in the lungs	Pneumonia like symptoms with jaundice	[57]
9	Obesity	The abnormal secretions of cytokines, adipokines, and interferons	Chronic low-grade inflammation of abdominal obesity with effect on bronchi and lung parenchyma	[17,51]
10	Diabetes	ACE-2 expression, impaired T-cell function and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6)	Pneumonia like symptoms	[11,58]