Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | ERW (n = 29) |
MW (n = 24) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | years | |||
| Age | 39.3 ± 8.9 | 41.0 ± 9.3 | 0.523 * | |
| Sex | no. (%) | 1.000 † | ||
| Female | 25 (86.2%) | 21 (87.5%) | ||
| Male | 4 (13.8%) | 3 (12.5%) | ||
| Marital status | no. (%) | 0.378 ‡ | ||
| Married | 18 (62.1%) | 12 (50.0%) | ||
| Single | 11 (37.9%) | 12 (50.0%) | ||
| Educational level | no. (%) | 0.701 § | ||
| High school | 3 (10.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | ||
| College/University | 21 (72.4%) | 17 (70.8%) | ||
| Postgraduate | 5 (17.2%) | 5 (20.8%) | ||
| Occupation | no. (%) | 0.886 § | ||
| Professionals | 6 (20.7%) | 5 (20.8%) | ||
| White collar | 20 (69.0%) | 17 (70.8%) | ||
| Blue collar | 3 (10.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | ||
| Clinical | ||||
| d-ROMs | U.CARR | 301.3 ± 68.6 | 347.3 ± 94.9 | 0.046 * |
| BAP | umol/L | 2027.4 ± 226.9 | 2015.7 ± 274.8 | 0.734 ‖ |
| TBARS(MDA) | μM | 9.88 ± 4.67 | 8.90 ± 5.98 | 0.506 * |
| 8-OHdG | ng/mL | 14.33 ± 6.88 | 10.90 ± 6.42 | 0.069 * |
| oxLDL | U/L | 52.43 ± 17.38 | 49.38 ± 13.61 | 0.520 ‖ |
| GPx | nmol/min/mL | 151.4 ± 31.1 | 140.1 ± 34.9 | 0.180 ‖ |
| Body Mass Index | kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 0.357 * |
| Blood pressure | mmHg | |||
| Systolic | 116.3 ± 10.6 | 116.3 ± 9.5 | 0.943 ‖ | |
| Diastolic | 72.0 ± 11.6 | 72.4 ± 9.5 | 0.971 ‖ | |
| Glucose | mg/dL | 92.8 ± 7.5 | 92.3 ± 6.9 | 0.805 * |
Note: Continuous variables are represented as means ± standard deviations (SD) and compared by * T test or ‖ Mann-Whitney U Test. Categorical variables are given as numbers (no) with percentages (%) and compared by ‡ Pearson’s Chi-Squared Test, † Fisher’s Exact Test, or § Linear-by-Linear Association as appropriate. Abbreviations: ERW, electrolyzed-reduced water; MW, mineral water; d-ROMs, diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites; BAP, biological antioxidant potential; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; MDA, malondialdehyde; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; GPx, glutathione peroxidase.