Table 4.

Human clinical studies about antioxidants and multivitamins in combination during COS for IVF programs.

Authors	Study Design	Antioxidants and Supplementation	Patients Enrolled	Results
Fatemi et al., 2017 [82]	Randomized controlled trial	vitamin E (400 mg/day) + vitamin D3 (50,000 IU/one in two weeks) prior to combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) intake and continued until hCG administration (approximately 8 weeks).	90 women involved: -46 women supplemented with placebo (controls) -44 women supplemented with vitamin D3 + vitamin E	-Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates significantly higher in the treatment group ($\uparrow )$ -Significant increase in serum malonialdehyde and significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after treatment ($\uparrow )$
Ozkaya et al., 2010 [83]	Randomized controlled trial	Oral multivitamin and mineral tablet (Megadyn Pronatal Film Tablet, Mecome, Turkey). Daily intake, for 45 days before serum and follicular fluid collection.	69 women involved: -13 women supplemented with placebo -30 women constituted the IVF group supplemented with placebo -26 women received oral multivitamin and mineral tablets	-Multivitamin and mineral supplementation in serum and follicular fluid ameliorated the antioxidant status by decreasing oxidative stress ($\uparrow )$
Youssef et al., 2014 [84]	Randomized controlled trial	Oral antioxidants medication containing: Vitamin A 3000 IU, vitamin E 15 IU, vitamin C 90 mg, zinc 11 mg, molybdenum 45 µg, selenium 55 µg, biotin 10 µg, and mixed bioflavonoid 100 mg (Octatron ® Nerhadou International)	218 women involved: -106 women not supplemented -112 women received supplementation	-No significant changes between the groups as regards number of mature (MII) oocytes and clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomized ($\to )$