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. 2020 Jun 30;9(7):566. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070566

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Protection of HaCaT cells by honey extracts against UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Cells were pre-incubated with 20 μg/mL of honey extracts for 2 h, and then were UVB-irradiated (55 mJ/cm²) followed by further incubation for 2 h. Following a 24 h recovery period, cell viability was examined by trypan blue exclusion assay and phase contrast microscopy. (a) Cell viability determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. Data presented are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates. ## p ≤ 0.01, #### p ≤ 0.001, significant differences compared to untreated cells, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, significant differences between UVB-irradiated and honey-treated/UVB-irradiated cells. (b) Phase contrast microscopy of non-irradiated (i), UVB-irradiated (ii) and UVB-irradiated cells treated with ME16.1 (iii) and ME20.3 (iv). Representative figures of ten random fields for each condition examined in triplicates.

Protection of HaCaT cells by honey extracts against UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Cells were pre-incubated with 20 μg/mL of honey extracts for 2 h, and then were UVB-irradiated (55 mJ/cm²) followed by further incubation for 2 h. Following a 24 h recovery period, cell viability was examined by trypan blue exclusion assay and phase contrast microscopy. (a) Cell viability determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. Data presented are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates. ## p ≤ 0.01, #### p ≤ 0.001, significant differences compared to untreated cells, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, significant differences between UVB-irradiated and honey-treated/UVB-irradiated cells. (b) Phase contrast microscopy of non-irradiated (i), UVB-irradiated (ii) and UVB-irradiated cells treated with ME16.1 (iii) and ME20.3 (iv). Representative figures of ten random fields for each condition examined in triplicates.