Table 6.
Effect of polyphenol related circulating metabolites on redox, inflammatory, and vasoactive markers on cerebral endothelial cells in hyperglycemic condition.
| Cell Conditions | ROS Levels (%) | NFκB/SEAP Activity (%) | IL-6 Secretion (ng/mg Proteins) | NO Levels (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NG | 100.00 ± 2.46 | 100.00 ± 1.11 | 30.01 ± 3.64 | 100.00 ± 2.54 |
| HG | 118.75 ± 1.89 *** | 133.69 ± 10.46 ** | 47.95 ± 1.61 ** | 70.51 ± 0.94 *** |
| HG + Ferulic acid | 84.33 ± 4.51 ### | 104.40 ± 0.23 ## | 31.96 ± 2.09 # | 80.08 ± 1.13 ## |
| HG + 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid | 104.16 ± 3.95 # | 100.29 ± 3.41 ## | 26.62 ± 8.30 # | 83.42 ± 1.66 ### |
| HG + 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | 84.17 ± 4.14 ### | 102.03 ± 1.10 ## | 23.50 ± 7.90 # | 80.62 ± 0.30 ### |
| HG + 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 109.38 ± 1.16 | 104.31 ± 2.46 ## | 19.34 ± 1.80 ### | 83.65 ± 1.36 ### |
| HG + 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 107.21 ± 0.74 | 102.89 ± 0.58 ## | 28.13 ± 7.20 # | 79.77 ± 0.93 # |
| HG + Hippuric acid | 113.72 ± 0.94 | 95.78 ± 3.18 ## | 26.69 ± 3.00 ## | 91.53 ± 3.36 ### |
Cells were exposed to normoglycemic condition (NG) or hyperglycemic condition (HG) in the presence or not of each polyphenol related circulating metabolite (10 μM). Intracellular ROS levels was measured by DCFH-DA assay. NFκB/SEAP activity and IL-6 secretion were determined by Quanti-Blue assay and ELISA kit, respectively. The intracellular NO levels were measured by DAF-FM assay. Data are means ± SEM of three independent experiments (three cellular passages), except for NFκB/SEAP activity and IL-6 secretion measurement, which were performed twice (two cellular passages). **: p < 0.01 and ***: p < 0.005 as compared to NG. #: p < 0.05, ##: p < 0.01 and ###: p < 0.005 as compared to HG.