Table 1.

Protective effects of plant-derived extracts against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced toxicity.

Models	Materials	Key Findings	Literature
C57BL/6 mice, SKH-1 hairless mice	Sasa quelpaertensis	Topically applied plant extracts reduced edema and erythema in mice exposed to UV light.	[76]
SKH:hr-1 hairless albino mice	Propolis	The extract reduced cutaneous inflammation, immunosuppression, and lipid peroxidation induced by UV exposure.	[77]
SKH-1 hairless mice	Broccoli sprout	Dietary glucoraphanin-rich broccoli sprout extracts protected against UV-induced skin carcinogenesis.	[78]
Primary keratinocytes	Blackberry	Anthocyanin-rich fractions of blackberry extracts reduced UV-induced free radicals and oxidative damage in cells.	[79]
HaCaT human keratinocytes	Gardenia jasminoides	The extract displayed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.	[41]
Human epidermal keratinocytes, Human dermal fibroblasts	Portulaca oleracea	The extracts protected human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UV-induced apoptosis.	[80]
HaCaT human keratinocytes, Human volunteers	Citrus and Rosemary	The extracts protected UV-induced damage in a skin cell model and in human volunteers.	[81]
HaCaT human keratinocytes	Bambusae caulis in Taeniam	The extract enhanced the viabilities of UVB-exposed cells and reduced the number of apoptotic events.	[42]
HaCaT human keratinocytes, Humans volunteers	Scutellaria radix	The extract enhanced the sun protection factor (SPF) of a sunscreen product, as determined in human subjects.	[82]
HaCaT human keratinocytes, Reconstituted human skin tissue	Propolis	The extract inhibited UV-induced photodamage.	[83]