Table 3.
Characteristics of patients by specific thresholds only
| Parameter | CH | Daytime MUCH only | Nighttime MUCH only | Daytime + nighttime MUCH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 339 | 42 | 184 | 173 |
| Age, years | 60 ± 11 | 59 ± 9 | 62 ± 10 | 59 ± 11 |
| Men, n (%) | 103 (30) | 24 (57)† | 99 (54)† | 102 (59)† |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 59 (17) | 15 (36)† | 25 (14) | 39 (23) |
| FHCVD, n (%) | 40 (12) | 1 (2) | 24 (13) | 18 (10) |
| Previous events, n (%) | 14 (4) | 1 (2) | 15 (8) | 7 (4) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 19 (6) | 4 (10) | 8 (4) | 10 (6) |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 74 ± 19 | 80 ± 26 | 75 ± 19 | 76 ± 20 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 131 ± 29 | 126 ± 31 | 126 ± 32* | 127 ± 28 |
| LV hypertrophy, n (%) | 45 (13) | 10 (24) | 34 (19) | 47 (27)† |
| LA enlargement, n (%) | 36 (11) | 3 (7) | 38 (21)† | 29 (17)* |
| ALVSD, n (%) | 8 (2) | 1 (2) | 4 (2) | 5 (3) |
| Clinic SBP, mm Hg | 129 ± 7 | 134 ± 4† | 131 ± 7† | 134 ± 5† |
| Clinic DBP, mm Hg | 79 ± 6 | 83 ± 5† | 82 ± 6† | 83 ± 6† |
| Daytime SBP, mm Hg | 120 ± 8 | 137 ± 6† | 125 ± 6† | 137 ± 7† |
| Daytime DBP, mm Hg | 73 ± 6 | 83 ± 7† | 78 ± 5† | 84 ± 6† |
| Nighttime SBP, mm Hg | 106 ± 8 | 110 ± 9† | 119 ± 10† | 125 ± 11† |
| Nighttime DBP, mm Hg | 61 ± 5 | 63 ± 5* | 72 ± 6† | 74 ± 8† |
| 24-hour SBP, mm Hg | 116 ± 7 | 130 ± 6† | 123 ± 7† | 134 ± 8† |
| 24-hour DBP, mm Hg | 70 ± 6 | 78 ± 6† | 76 ± 5† | 81 ± 7† |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 144 (43) | 15 (36) | 63 (34) | 69 (40) |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 113 (33) | 15 (36) | 64 (35) | 52 (30) |
| Calcium antagonist, n (%) | 76 (22) | 15 (36) | 69 (38)† | 63 (36)† |
| ACE-I, n (%) | 155 (46) | 15 (36) | 71 (39) | 69 (40) |
| ARB, n (%) | 76 (22) | 7 (17) | 29 (16) | 29 (17) |
| Alpha-blocker, n (%) | 25 (7) | 4 (10) | 26 (14)* | 22 (13)* |
| Single therapy, n (%) | 163 (48) | 19 (45) | 83 (45) | 80 (46) |
| Double therapy, n (%) | 120 (35) | 19 (45) | 74 (40) | 60 (35) |
| Triple therapy, n (%) | 56 (17) | 4 (10) | 27 (15) | 33 (19) |
| A-H medications, n | 1.68 ± 0.7 | 1.64 ± 0.7 | 1.70 ± 0.7 | 1.73 ± 0.8 |
Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; A-H, anti-hypertensive; ALVSD, asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%); ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CH, controlled hypertension (below daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour threshold values); DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FHCVD, family history of cardiovascular disease; LA, left atrial; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; MUCH, masked uncontrolled hypertension (above threshold value for each classification, that is, ≥135/85 mm Hg for daytime and ≥120/70 for nighttime BP); SBP, systolic blood pressure.
*P < 0.05, †P < 0.01 vs. CH.