Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jul 10;21(14):4889. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144889

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(a–c) Schematic drawing for spinal fusion to treat degeneration-induced-low back pain (LBP) including (a) remove the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) (b) insertion of spin polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage and (c) restrain the adjacent vertebrae for bone formation. The schematic drawings in red (b,c) denoting an internal fixator used in spinal fusion surgery. (d,e) Schematic drawing of discectomy to treat herniation-induced-LBP including (d) a herniated IVD and (e) the percutaneous endoscopic discectomy process to alleviate LBP by removing the herniated nucleus polposus (NP). (f) A camera photo captured from a herniated IVD to identify herniation pathway initiating from the lateral region (L) moving towards the posterolateral region (PL) of the AF donated by black arrows. (Panel f was reproduced with permission from [18]).