AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALXDRD	Alexandria disease
APOD	Apolipoprotein D
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
AT	Ataxia telangiectasia
ATM	Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
ATXN	Ataxin
Aβ	Amyloid beta
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
C9orf72	Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72
CNS	Central nervous system
CTGF	Connective tissue growth factor
dAPPL	dAPP-like
Ddysb	Drosophila dysb
dJNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
DPR	Dipeptide repeat
DRPLA	Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy
DSB	DNA double-strand break
DTNBP1	Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1
Dysbindin	Dysb
EA	Episodic ataxia
EAAT1	Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (also known as GLAST)
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
FA(FRDA)	Friedreich ataxia
FMRP	FMR1 protein
FTD	Frontotemporal dementia
FTDALS	Frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
FXN	Frataxin
FXR	Fragile X syndrome
FXTAS	Fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
GAT	γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter
GFAP	Glial fibrillary acidic protein
HD	Huntington’s disease
HRE	Hexanucleotide repeat expansion
HS	Hemisphere
HSP	Heat shock protein
HTT	Huntingtin
ILS	Insulin-like signaling
IT15	Interesting transcript 15 (also known as huntingtin)
LD	Lipid droplets
MB	Mushroom bodies
MCTs	Monocarboxylate transporters
MeCP2	Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2
mHtt	Mutant Htt protein
MJD	Machado–Joseph disease (also known as SCA3)
NO	Nitric oxide
NSD1	Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1
PAPs	Perisynaptic astrocyte processes
PNS	Peripheral nervous system
polyQ	Polyglutamine
RAN	Repeat-associated non-AUG-initiated
RETT	RETT syndrome
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAGA	Spt/Ada/Gcn5 acetylase
SBMA	X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy (also known as Kennedy disease)
SCA	Spinocerebellar ataxias
SCZD	Schizophrenia
SN	Segmentally organized nerve
OD1	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1
SOTOS1	Sotos syndrome 1
SPG	Sub-perineurial glia
TARDBP	TAR DNA-binding protein
TBPH	TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog protein
UTR	Untranslated region
VNC	Ventral nerve cord