Table 2.
Polymorphisms (non-HLA genes) associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) efficacy, according to meta-analyses and multicenter studies data.
| Drug Class | Gene | Polymorphism | Association | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytostatic agents | MTHFR | rs1801133 | T-allele–MTX toxicity | [75,76] |
| ATIC | rs7563206 rs2372536 |
T-allele G allele–MTX nonresponders |
[77,78] | |
| TYMS | rs2244500 rs2847153 rs3786362 |
AA genotype A-allele G-allele–MTX efficacy |
[78] | |
| RFC1 | rs1051266 | AA genotype–MTX efficacy | [70] | |
| ABCB1 | rs1045642 | C-allele–MTX efficacy | [79] | |
| DHODH | rs3213422 | AA genotype–leflunomide efficacy | [67] | |
| IL6 inhibitors | IL6R | rs12083537 rs11265618 |
AA genotype CC genotype–tocilizumab better response |
[80,81] |
| Glucocorticoids |
GLCCI1
GR |
rs37972 rs41423247 rs6195 |
T-allele–decreased sensitivity G-allele–increased sensitivity to transition therapy |
[82] |
| TNF inhibitors | TNFRSF1B | rs1061622 | G-allele–increased sensitivity | [83] |
| TNFA | rs1800629 rs361525 |
A-alleles–anti-TNF agent efficacy | [11] | |
| FCGR2A | rs1801274 | HH + HR genotype–adalimumab efficacy | [84] | |
| PTPRC | rs10919563 | A-allele–decreased sensitivity | [84] | |
|
TLR1
TLR5 |
rs4833095 rs5744174 |
CC genotype; C-allele–anti-TNF agent efficacy |
[85] | |
| NUBPL | rs2378945 | Minor allele–decreased etanercept sensitivity | [86] |
MTX—methotrexate, IL6 – interleukine 6, TNF—tumor necrosis factor.