Table 1.

List of micro RNAs (miRNAs), their actions, and expression in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Studies were performed in humans unless otherwise stated in parentheses.

miRNA	Action	Expression in PMOP	Sources	References
miR-9-5p	inhibit osteogenesis, promote adipogenesis promote osteoclastogenesis	high	serum	Zhang et al. [14] Wang et al. [15]
miR-21	promote osteoclastogenesis promote osteogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis	unclear		Jiang et al. [16] Cheng at al. [17] Seeliger et al. [18] Yavropoulou et al. [19] Yang et al. [23] Hu et al. [24]
miR-29	unclear	low	serum	Tang et al. [1] Lian et al. [25] Kocijan et al. [26] Li et al. [27] Kapinas et al. [28] Rossi et al. [29] Bottani et al. [31]
miR-30b-5p	negatively regulate osteoblast differentiation	low	serum	Bottani et al. [31]
miR-31	unclear	low	bone	Tang et a. [1] Foessl et al. [5] Mäkitie et al. [32]
miR-100	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	high	bone and serum	Cheng at al. [17] Seeliger et al. [18]
miR-103-3p	inhibit osteoblast differentiation and proliferation	low	serum	Bottani et al. [31]
miR-122-5p	inhibit osteoblast differentiation	low	serum	Mandourah et al. [33]
miR-124	inhibit osteoclast formation inhibit osteogenesis	high	serum	Tang et al. [1] Yavropoulou et al. [19] Qadiret et al. [34]
miR-133	inhibit osteoblast differentiation increase osteoclastogenesis	high	bone and serum (mouse)	Tang et al. [1] Cheng at al. [17] Wang et al. [35] Kocijan et al. [36]
miR-135a-5p	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	high	bone	Shi et al. [37]
miR-146a	inhibit osteoclastogenesis	high	bone (mouse)	Tang et al. [1]
miR-148a	induce osteoclast formation	high	Serum (mouse)	Tang et al. [1] Xiao et al. [38]
miR-155	regulate osteoclastogenesis	high	unclear (mouse)	Tang et al. [1]
miR-182-5p	inhibited ADCY6 expression and Rap1/MAPK signaling pathway activation	high	bone and serum (mouse)	Pan et al. [39]
miR-194-5p	unclear	high	whole blood lysate	Foessl et al. [5]
miR-200a-3p	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	high	serum	Lv et al. [40]
miR-203a	slow osteoblast differentiation	high	bone	Kocijan et al. [36]
miR-214-5p	promote adipogenic differentiation	high	(in vitro)	Qiu et al. [41]
miR-221	inhibit osteogenic inhibition	low	bone	Zhang et al. [42]
miR-223	inhibit osteoclast differentiation	unclear	serum	Tang et al. [1] Seeliger et al. [18] Pickering et al. [43]
miR-338	regulate osteoblast differentiation	high	serum	Guo et al. [44] Lin et al. [35]
miR-365	suppresses MMP-9	low	bone (mouse)	Li et al. [46]
miR-410	regulate BMP-2 expression	high	serum	van Wijnen et al. [3] Zhang et al. [47]
miR-422a	may stimulate osteoclastogenesis	high	human circulating monocytes	Bottani et al. [31] Cao et al. [48]
miR-449b-5p	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	unclear	(in vivo)	Li et al. [49]
miR-503	inhibit osteoclast differentiation	low	human circulating monocytes	Tang et al. [1]
miR-543	promote osteoblast apoptosis	high	bone (mouse)	Li et al. [50]
miR-579-3p	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	high	serum	Luo et al. [51]
miR-874	promote osteoblast proliferation	low	bone (mouse)	Lin et al. [52]
miR-1297	inhibit osteogenic differentiation	high	bone	Wang et al. [53]
miR-2861	promote osteoblast differentiation	high	serum	Yavropoulou et al. [19] Li et al. [54]