Table 2.

List of long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), their actions, and expression in PMOP. Studies were performed in humans unless otherwise stated in parentheses.

lncRNA	Action	Expression in PMOP	Sources	References
ANCR	inhibit osteoblasts, increase osteoclastogenesis	high	blood mononuclear cells	Wu et al. [9] Cai et al. [55] Tong et al. [56]
BMNCR	inhibit osteoporosis	low	bone (mouse)	Chen et al. [57]
CASC11	lead to TNF-α upregulation in osteoclasts	high	plasma	Yu et al. [58]
CRNDE	regulate cell apoptosis	high	bone	Li et al. [10]
GAS5	regulate osteogenic differentiation	low	bone	Feng et al. [59]
MALAT1	unclear	low	bone (mouse)	Yang et al. [60] Zheng et al. [61]
MEG3	unclear	high	bone	Wu et al. [9] Wang et al. [62] Sun et al. [63]
MSC-AS1	induce osteogenic differentiation	unclear	bone (mouse)	Zhang et al. [64]
NEF	interact with IL-6	low	plasma	Ma et al. [65]
SNHG1	unclear	low	plasma	Huang et al. [66]
TUG1	may promote osteoclast differentiation	high	plasma	Han et al. [67]
XIXT	promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs	low	Serum	Zhang et al. [68]