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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2020 Mar 5;180(5):862–877.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.016

Figure 2. PAGln Production In Vivo is a Microbiota-Dependent Process in Humans and Mice.

Figure 2.

Fasting plasma levels of PAGln in subjects (n=15) (i) before oral treatment with a cocktail of poorly absorbable, broad spectrum antibiotics (Pre-Abx), (ii) after seven days of antibiotics regiment (Abx), and (iii) three weeks after discontinuation of antibiotics (Post-Abx). Kruskal-Wallis was used for the statistical analysis.

(B) Fasting plasma levels of PAGln and PAGly (mean ± SD) in indicated numbers of healthy human subjects (n=25; left), conventionally raised mice (n=26; mid) and germ free (GF) mice (n=20; right).

(C) Serial plasma levels of PAGln and PAGly after i.p. injection of phenylacetic acid (50 mg/kg; n=5) in mice.

(D) Levels of PAGln in (n=11) male and (n=15) female mouse plasmas (i) before use of oral broad spectrum antibiotic cocktail (Pre-Abx), (ii) after five days of antibiotics treatment (Abx), and (iii) one week post antibiotics discontinuation (Post-Abx). Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis. (E) Schematic outlining metaorganismal production of PAGln and PAGly in humans and mice.