Fig. 4. Evaluation of the assumption of identical or variable INP surface area (ISA) per droplet for isothermal freezing experiment, ISO3.

a Experimentally derived and simulated unfrozen fraction of isothermal freezing experiment with 5th and 95th percentiles given by shading applying lognormally distributed ISA per droplet. Data in a are taken from Fig. 3a. b Calculated J_het using lognormally distributed ISA per droplet referred to as $J_{\text{het}}^{\text{actual}}$. The shading is the range of the upper and lower fiducial limits following Poission statistics at the 0.999 confidence level. Simulation results in b are taken from Fig. 4a. c Experimentally derived and recalculated J_het assuming identical ISA per droplet equal to measured mean BET values, termed $J_{\text{het}}^{\text{apparent}}$, are shown as open circles and shading, respectively. $J_{\text{het}}^{\text{apparent}}$ derived from the model was calculated from the modeled UnF in a. The red solid lines are mean model values.