(A)Comparison of period before and after injections of gfp- (n = 10; p = 0.7108), Rm´per (n = 8; p = 0.0546), Rm´tim1- (n = 8; p = 0.0016), or Rm´cry2 dsRNA (n = 14; p<0.0001). Periods of dsRNA injected animals were measured 2–4 weeks after injection and compared to one week before the injection. After injections of Rm´per dsRNA cockroaches showed unchanged locomotor activity rhythms with only a tendency to develop longer periods, while both other injections shortened activity rhythms. (B)Comparison of the difference in periods of locomotor activity rhythms before and after injections (Δτ) between gfp controls (n = 10) and Rm´per (n = 8; p = 0.4579), Rm´tim1- (n = 8; p = 0.0005), or Rm´cry2 dsRNA injected cockroaches (n = 14; p = 0.0003). Periods were determined using chi-square periodogram analysis. Student‘s t-tests were used to determine significant differences between animals of one group before and after the injection (A) and between Δτ of gfp control, the Rm’per, the Rm´tim1, and Rm´cry2 dsRNA injected animals (B). ns: not significant; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001.