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. 2020 Mar 17;1:42–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.03.001

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig 3 — Altered hemodynamics in female mice during early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remodeling. A, Representative preoperative (day 0) and postoperative (day 21) waveforms in inferior vena cava (IVC; top panel) and aorta (bottom panel) of male vs female mice observed with Doppler ultrasound. B,Top panel, Line graph showing IVC velocity (P < .0001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]; ∗P = .0024 [post hoc] at day 3 and ∗P < .0001 [post hoc] at day 7). Bottom panel, Line graph showing aorta velocity (P < .0001, ANOVA; ∗P = .0056 at day 3; n = 19-21). C,Top panel, Line graph showing flow in IVC (P < .0001, ANOVA; ∗P = .0028 [post hoc] at day 7). Bottom panel, Line graph showing flow in aorta (P < .0001, ANOVA; ∗P = .0009 [post hoc] at day 3 and ∗P = .0402 [post hoc] at day 21; n = 19-21). D,Top panel, Line graph showing shear stress in IVC (P < .0001, ANOVA; ∗P = .0029 [post hoc] at day 3 and ∗P < .0001 [post hoc] at day 7) in male vs female mice. Bottom panel, Line graph showing shear stress in aorta (P = .3167, ANOVA) of male vs female mice (n = 19-21). E, Line graph showing spectral broadening to maximum velocity ratio in IVC of male vs female mice (P = .0376, ANOVA; day 7, ∗P = .0371; n = 14-15).