Sex-specific translational differences during early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remodeling. A, Volcano plot showing 111,408 different spectra corresponding to 2171 distinct proteins that were identified in AVF harvested on postoperative day 7. B-D, The heatmaps show significantly differentially expressed proteins between female (F) and male (M) AVF (two-tailed Student t-test, false discovery rate <1%; S0 = 2; n = 3-4). The rows represent each of the four samples of female (left) and three samples of male (right) AVF from individual mice. The Z score represents the difference in regulation, with red indicating upregulation and blue indicating downregulation. Heatmaps are organized by proteins implicated in (B) vascular function, (C) thrombosis, and (D) response to oscillatory or laminar flow.