Figure 5.

Timely Inverted RBD-Specific Antibody and T Cell Responses during Acute Infection

(A) Nab responses, shown as IC₅₀, of 17 APs were measured by a pseudovirus-based assay. Endpoint titers of RBD IgG in plasma of each patient were measured by ELISA. Antigen-specific T cell responses toward the RBD peptide pool and NP protein were determined by the IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Patient IDs highlighted in bold represent severe patients.

(B) Percentages of patients with positive RBD IgG, NAb, NP ELISPOT, and RBD ELISPOT responses in each week after symptoms onset according to results in (A). “NA” means that samples were not available.

(C) Kinetics of viral loads, anti-RBD IgG, NAb, and T cell responses against RBD peptide pool and NP protein were presented by weeks. Each symbol represents an individual subject. The mean values of individual groups are indicated by bars. Undetectable viral titers and immune responses were set as 1 Log₁₀. “NA” means that samples were not available. Severe patients were labeled by black symbols.

(D) Comparisons of titers of anti-RBD IgG, NAb, T cell responses against RBD peptide pool, and NP protein between mild and severe acute patients with either undetectable (neg) or positive (pos) viral loads. Severe patients were labeled by black symbols. Negative response was set as 1 Log₁₀. Each symbol represents an individual subject, and the mean values of each group are shown by bars. Statistics were generated by using 2-tailed Student’s t test. ^∗p < 0.05.

See also Figures S6 and S7; Tables S1 and S3.