Fig. 3. The levels of NO, ROS, GSH, GSSG, and GSH/GSSG in PNS treated 3D4/2 cells at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h post PCV2 infection. Negative control: the cells were not infected with PCV2 and not treated with PNS and VC; PCV2: the cells were infected with 10⁴TCID₅₀ PCV2; PCV2 + PNS 50–200: the cells were treated with PNS at concentration of 50, 100 or 200 µg/mL after 10⁴TCID₅₀ PCV2 infection respectively; PCV2 +VC: the cells were treated with VC at concentration of 200 µM after 10⁴TCID₅₀ PCV2 infection. The values are represented mean ± SD. Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05).

NO, nitric oxide; PCV2, porcine circovirus type 2; PNS, Panax notoginseng saponins; VC, vitamin C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; TCID₅₀, median tissue culture infectious dose.