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. 2020 Jul 29;11:1092. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01092

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Copyright © 2020 Ji, Deng, Yang, Lu, Chen, Liu, Han and Zou

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rhubarb enema improved the intestinal barrier. (A) Colon histopathological changes (hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain). Compared with the sham group, the lamina propria and mucosal layer of the colon were obvious oedematous; moreover, obvious infiltration of lymphocyte monocytes in the mucosal layer was observed in the 5/6Nx model group. Following rhubarb enema, the edema in the lamina propria and mucosal layer was significantly improved, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosal layer was reduced. Magnifications × 100. (B) The intestinal mucosal barrier (ZO1, occludin, and claudin-1) in colon tissues was significantly lower in the 5/6Nx model rat; this expression was significantly higher in the 5/6Nx + rhubarb enema group than in the 5/6Nx model group. (C)TLR4 signaling pathways is activated in in the colon tissue of 5/6Nx model rat while significantly reduced by rhubarb enema treatment.