Table 1.
Characteristics of Residents Treated with Apixaban, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Matched Warfarin Users
| Apixaban cohort | Dabigatran cohort | Rivaroxaban cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apixaban n = 2881 | Warfarin n = 2881 | Dabigatran n = 1289 | Warfarin n = 1289 | Rivaroxaban n = 3735 | Warfarin n = 3735 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age in years, median (Q1, Q3) | 84 (77, 89) | 84 (76, 89) | 83 (77, 89) | 83 (77, 89) | 84 (77, 89) | 84 (77, 89) |
| Women (%) | 68.5 | 67.8 | 67.2 | 69.7 | 69.3 | 68.2 |
| Non-white race/ethnicity (%) | 15.6 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| Enrolled in Medicaid (%) | 68.5 | 70.3 | 74.9 | 72.2 | 72.1 | 71.8 |
| Hospital admissions in prior year (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 36.8 | 37.9 | 33.4 | 31.3 | 36.1 | 36.4 |
| 2–3+ | 33.4 | 32.7 | 30.1 | 31.0 | 30.6 | 28.6 |
| Ischemic stroke | 12.7 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 10.6 |
| Extracranial or intracranial bleed | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 |
| Time since first observed nursing home entry, median (Q1, Q3) | 588 (103, 1319) | 609 (114, 1287) | 325 (108, 618) | 302 (100, 617) | 543 (118, 1073) | 585 (120, 1103) |
| Unique medications, median (Q1, Q3) | 21 (13, 31) | 22 (13, 32) | 17 (11, 25) | 16 (10, 24) | 21 (13, 30) | 21 (13, 31) |
| DOAC dose (%) | ||||||
| Less than standard | 50.3 | NA | 42.1 | NA | 59.4 | NA |
| Select medications (%) | ||||||
| NSAID | 35.5 | 36.4 | 28.2 | 25.6 | 35.1 | 36.7 |
| Antiplatelet | 25.0 | 23.7 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 22.2 |
| Statin | 59.5 | 60.5 | 49.4 | 45.5 | 54.9 | 55.5 |
| SSRI | 47.2 | 48.2 | 45.6 | 46.2 | 48.9 | 49.3 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 62.0 | 62.4 | 59.4 | 57.0 | 60.9 | 60.6 |
| Comorbidities(%) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 39.5 | 37.5 | 37.2 | 35.7 | 35.3 | 35.7 |
| Heart failure | 35.8 | 34.8 | 36.9 | 36.5 | 33.4 | 33.6 |
| Hypertension | 85.9 | 85.7 | 84.2 | 83.4 | 83.9 | 84.0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 29.9 | 27.5 | 29.3 | 28.1 | 26.4 | 25.6 |
| Anemia | 29.5 | 28.8 | 27.4 | 26.4 | 28.8 | 29.4 |
| Fall history | 16.4 | 17.8 | 17.1 | 15.4 | 19.0 | 19.7 |
| Stroke | 22.0 | 21.4 | 24.7 | 23.5 | 22.5 | 21.7 |
| Renal impairment | ||||||
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 22.1 | 23.4 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 19.4 | 20.4 |
| End-stage renal disease | 13.7 | 13.8 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 11.5 | 12.5 |
| Dialysis | 3.1 | 3.7 | Suppressed per DUA | Suppressed per DUA | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| History of pneumonia | 6.0 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 6.0 |
| Chronic lung disease | 26.5 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 29.6 | 27.9 | 28.0 |
| CHA2DS2-Vasc risk score, median (Q1,Q3) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (4, 6) |
| ATRIA bleeding risk score, median (Q1, Q3) | 3 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 6) |
| Cognitive skills (%) | ||||||
| Mildly impaired | 26.2 | 25.7 | 27.5 | 26.5 | 26.5 | 25.6 |
| Moderately to severely impaired | 32.8 | 33.0 | 33.1 | 34.7 | 37.0 | 37.0 |
| ADL score (0–16), median (Q1, Q3) | 10 (7, 11) | 10 (7, 11) | 9 (6, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 10 (7, 12) | 10 (8, 12) |
| Life expectancy > 6 months | 99.5 | 99.7 | > 99.5 | > 99.5 | > 99.0 | > 99.0 |
ADLs activities of daily living, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, DUA data use agreement, DOAC direct-acting oral anticoagulant