Fig. 4. SMFS results for the interaction of (KF) and (KY) dipeptides with PS and TiO₂.

Representative F–X curves (left) and rupture force distribution (right) are shown for interaction of (KF) in a, b and for interaction of (KY) in (c, d). N values represent the total number of rupture events used to plot the histograms. The red lines in the F–X curves correspond to the WLC fitting. Schematic illustrations for the peptide–surface interactions are shown on the right. For comparison purposes, d is reproduced here from the same dataset as shown in Fig. 3a. Source data are provided as a Source data file.