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. 2020 Aug 4;10:13129. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69570-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ce6-PVP is suitable for endoscopic imaging of colorectal neoplasias in vivo. (a) Visual display of the custom-built endoscopy device hardware and its software interface in white-light mode (upper panel) and fluorescence mode (lower panel) using the example of human tissue. (b, c) Schematic drawings of (b) the endoscopy system and (c) the optics unit setup. A detailed description of the systems can be found in the “Material and Methods” section. (d) Representative images displaying a murine colorectal tumor in different imaging modalities. The white-light image of the coloview system (left) represents the current standard technology for murine colonoscopy. Our custom-built endoscopy device (middle) is capable of alternatingly imaging a white-light signal and a Ce6-PVP-based fluorescence signal during the same endoscopy session. The fluorescence image was post-processed by our algorithm and afterwards displayed as an overlay on the white-light image. H&E staining of the tissue displays the neoplastic character of the lesion. An experienced pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of a carcinoma based on 3 µm sections of a swiss roll preparation of the colon at variable intervals. Localization relative to the anocutaneous line was used to assure correct matching of histological and endoscopic lesions.