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. 2020 Aug 4;10:13138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70068-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of Zonisamide (ZNS) on the number of neurons in the anterior horn (AH) region and on demyelination of the pyramidal tracts. (A–B) Representative low (upper panels) and high (lower panels) magnification images of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining (A) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB)/Nissl staining (B) of the spinal cord at the C5-6 disc level at 10 weeks after CSM operation. Blue squares in the AH region (A) and the pyramidal tract (B) in upper panels are magnified in lower panels. (A) A representative neuron in each panel is indicated by red arrow. Bars in upper panels = 600 μm. Bars in lower panels = 50 μm. (C) The number of cells with Nissl bodies in the AH region. (D) Total area of the pyramidal tracts was measured and normalized to that in sham-operated rat. The pyramidal tracts were compressed by a water-absorbing polyurethane blade in both ZNS(-) and ZNS( +) rats. (E) The area of LFB (light blue)-stained myelin was divided by the total area of pyramidal tracts in the spinal cord at the C5-6 disc level. (C,D,E) Mean and SD are indicated [n = 8, 12, and 12 anterior horns in 4 sham-operated, 6 ZNS(-), and 6 ZNS( +) rats, respectively]. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn-Bonferroni HSD.